A prostate is a small walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system. It can be affected by conditions like non-bacterial and bacterial proctitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and cancer, which are common among men over 55. Many of these conditions have a good prognosis when diagnosed early and managed by prostate specialists, such as urologists or oncologists. Since there are specialists for different conditions, understanding what each of them does can help one seek appropriate treatment.

Before consulting a specialist
While one may eventually see a specialist to manage their prostate condition, they will first need to see a general practitioner for their problem and routine screening. There are two types of general practitioners, internists and family doctors. Both are qualified to perform a digital rectal examination, make the first interpretation of one’s PSA test, and address other healthcare issues. If a complication in the prostate is discovered, the general practitioner will refer one to a prostate specialist.

1. Urologist
They are physicians who specialize in treating genitourinary conditions, i.e., those related to the male reproductive organs and both the male and female urinary tracts. Urologists are considered sub-specialized surgeons who must possess knowledge of internal healthcare solutions, gynecology, and other relevant fields. Their expertise can help one manage a variety of urological conditions, including those of the prostate. One should visit a urologist after having an irregularity detected by the general practitioner in labs or an exam.

2. Andrologist
An andrologist is a male fertility specialist with the knowledge and skills to examine reproductive conditions in greater detail. For instance, an andrologist will work with resident doctors to diagnose and manage fertility problems. They will look at various issues, including bacterial infections and complications related to fertility. Furthermore, andrologists may take the lead on advanced procedures such as the TESE. Besides that, they will be responsible for documenting patient healthcare records, completing patient tests, coming up with management plans, and administering treatment to patients.

3. Urologic oncologist
These specialists diagnose and prescribe treatments and remedies to manage prostate health conditions, such as benign or non-benign cancers. Urologic oncologists are distinct from general urologists and receive a two-year fellowship, which includes clinical work and urologic oncology research, after four years of medical school and five years of urology residency. The fellowship gives urologic oncologists the expertise to come up with cancer management plans for conditions like prostate and bladder cancer using traditional therapies.

4. Medical oncologist
They receive training on the appropriate application of cancer-related therapies for prostate cancer management. Medical oncologists may also specialize in endocrine therapy and are capable of handling general healthcare problems related to hormonal issues that may be triggered because of prostate cancer.

5. Radiation oncologist
A physician trained to manage cancer and other conditions with a certain type of therapy is called a radiation oncologist. They usually evaluate cancer patients and accordingly determine how treatment can be administered. Before receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer, one must plan a visit to the radiation oncologist for feedback to understand one’s specific circumstances. Following this, the specialist will advise on the necessity of the treatment or suggest an alternative course of action.

Other specialists that may be involved in one’s care
One’s management may involve the expertise of additional specialists and caregivers, depending on the condition and its severity.

1. Radiologist
A radiologist is a physician who uses healthcare imaging technologies, like computed tomography (CT) scans, X-rays, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, to diagnose health complications. Most radiologists receive training in using imaging technologies to treat various conditions. One may typically need to consult a radiologist to undergo specific imaging tests to diagnose cancer or determine its stage. They may also need to see an interventional radiologist to perform specific tests.

2. Pathologist
This is a physician who specializes in diagnosing diseases by examining fluids and body tissues. A pathologist typically examines the tissue after one undergoes a biopsy or any tissue extraction from the body, such as lymph nodes or the prostate itself. The diagnostic process might be conducted visually with the naked eye and under a microscope. This helps identify any evidence of cancer or other prostate diseases.

3. Physical therapist
A healthcare professional trained to use rehabilitation treatment options to restore function and prevent disability following injury, disease, or loss of a body part is a physical therapist.

4. Oncology nurse navigator
This is an expert oncology clinician who assists one during the course of treatment. Oncology nurse navigators educate caregivers about providing relevant care throughout one’s journey. Additionally, an oncology nurse navigator may assist those affected by prostate cancer in securing healthcare appointments and coordinating follow-up visits. The professional may also refer one to social workers or financial counselors.

5. Occupational therapists
Along with specialists, nutritionists, and nurses, occupational therapists are often a part of one’s care team. They play an integral role in supporting one as they adapt to life post-treatment. Occupational therapists also equip individuals with coping strategies and provide emotional support.

6. Psychologists or counselors
Oncology psychologists help one talk about the issues they are experiencing during and post-treatment. Psychological therapy is known to help cancer patients immensely as they learn how to deal with their condition and improve their quality of life.